Rotary planing-ctjtter



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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY D. STOVER, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

ROTARY PLANING-CUTTER.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 17,343, dated May 19, 1,857.

10 all whom i may concern Be it known that I, HENRY D. STOVER, ofBoston, in the county of Suffolk and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Cutter- Heads; and I herebymake the declaration that the following specification, in connectionwith the accompanying drawings and references thereon, constitute andembody a lucid, clear, and exact description of the construction andoperation of the same.

In referring to the said drawings, Figure l, denotes a plan or top view.Fig. 2, a side elevation of the same showing the edges of the cuttersand caps. Fig. 3, an opposite side elevation of it, part-ly showing theside of one of the cutters and holder for securing' it. Fig. 4, denotesa vertical and transverse section on line A, B, Fig. 1 showing thecutting irons confined to the cutter head. Fig. 5, is a transverse andvertical section also on line A, B, Fig. l, showing the cutting ironsplaced in the cutter head and ready to be confined therein. Fig. 6, is asurface, or level section on line C, D, Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is an elevationof one of the holders, for holding the iron to the cutter head. Fig. 8,is an edge view of the same.

Invention-The nature of my invention consists in the within describedmethod of firmly securing the double cut-ting irons to the revolvinghead, (when the head is small, and when great velocity is imparted toit) by means of curved steel plates or holders or their equivalents,their wedge shaped or beveled ends being acted upon to straighten themand hold the double irons under them firmly to the cutter head, by meansof a screw and nut, and for performing the work efficiently, all beingarranged essentially as set forth.

In constructing cutter heads of a large class, no difficulty is had inholding the cutting irons therein by means of set screws, but in usingset screws to hold the irons renders a certain diameter necessary (sayat least 4 inches) to have sufficient thread in which the set screws maybe fitted to securely hold the cutting irons to the heads.

The purposes for which my cutter head is intended are more particularlyfor forming the ornamental edges of wood for parts of furniture, or theymay be used for any purpose where regular or irregular forms arerequired, such parts on account of the formation of scrolls and circlesof a very small radii, render it necessary that the diameter of thecutter head for so forming the work should be very small, say as smallas one inch in diameter, as of course the diameter of the cutter headmust be smaller than the curve which it is forming in the wood or othermaterial. so construct and arrange the parts composing the cutter headwhen being so small that the cutters and caps will be held efficientlyand secure to the cutter head, so as not to endanger the life or limb ofthe operator.

It is necessary to construct the irons of considerable length wherethick stock is to be shaped and to firmly secure them to the head theirwhole length both to cut or shape the wood with firmness and solidity,and besides, to prevent or counterbalance the action of the centrifugalforce caused by the great velocity imparted to the cutter heads whichshould be 3000 revolutions per minute, its velocity tending topress outthe central portion of the cutters.

UonstructzoaTo enable persons skilled in the art to or nearest to whichmy invention appertains, to construct and carry out the same I willdescribe it as follows:

I construct a steel arbor seen at A, the lower portion being formed ascrew for connecting the cutter head to any shaft for operation.

Near the lower end of the shaft A, is formed a collar seen at B, whichshould be made a part of the arbor itself. To the upper end of thisarbor is fitted a movable collar C, which otherwise (except itsmovability,) corresponds with the lower and fixed collar B. The movablecollar C can be moved down with great force by means of the nut D whichis properly threaded to the top of the shaft A, and which fits on to,and comes in contact with the top of the movable collar C. This collaron its under side, as also the fixed one on its upper side, arechanneled as seen at E, on two sides of the arbor or shaft A, thesechannels or grooves forming a tangent to the circle of the peripheriesof the collars, to receive the cutting irons L in order to give thecutting edges the right direction. On the inside of these channels E,and between them and the surface of the arbor A I form hevels seen at Fwhich receive the caps G of the cutting irons and which have each oftheir ends correspondingly beveled as seen at H, in order to fit to thebevels F formed in the collars.

Then the next thing is to collars B and C and nut D. These holders areformed of steel and so curved as seen at Figs. 5 and 8 (and tempered aspring temper) that they can be placed against the irons L as seen atFig'. 5 and a small portion of their bevel conveXities J, some withinthe corresponding bevel concavities I in the collars to allow them tocatch therein. Then the nut D can be turned to force the movable collardown upon the spring holders K which presses the central portion N', ofthese holders K against the central portion O of the cutting irons L,with great force to hold them, and the caps G securely to the cutterhead and to prevent the action of the eentrifugal force caused by thegreat velocity of the irons.

As the collar C, is screwed down, the holders K, are graduallystraightened, and the heaviest part of the pressure caused by suchstraightening is received by the central portion of the cutting irons L,this pressure gradually diminishes to each upper and lower eXtreme endof the cutting irons L and caps Gr, yet a portion of the pressure willbe received the whole length of these irons and caps.

By continuing turning down the nut D it will bring the bevels F, in thecollars B and C and the bevels H on the caps G in contact as also theconcavities I in the collars B and C, and the conveXities J fo-rmed onthe ends of the spring holders K, which firmly press and complete theholding of the double irons, or the caps G and irons L, to the cutterheads for all the purposes before mentioned.

The holders K are tempered a spring temper both for holding firmly thecentral portions of the irons L and caps Gr to the cu-tter head and sothat they will instantly regain their position when released from thecutter head.

The edges of the cutting'irons and caps can be formed to give anydesired form to the pieces receiving shape, my arrangement for holding,whereby the application of a cap to the cutting irons in cutter headswhich are so small, is of the greatest importance to finish smoothly thewhole surface, and particularly all the cross grained or gnarly placesin the wood, in the nicest manner and that without changing ends of thepiece receiving shape, as changing the ends does not avail anything inthe smoothness of finish over gnarly places besides by my arrangementwhere the double irons or caps and irons are held and used, no change ofthe ends of the piece receiving shape is necessary, as it can be allformed by a continuous movement.

The caps can vbe set to or from the edge of the cutting irons asdesired, by a lightblow of a hammer after the nut D, is slightly startedback'.

At P, a recess is formed which is designed to receive a stationarycircular guide (not shown) against which the pattern is pressed andmoved, as the piece screwed or fastened to its upper surface and whichis larger than the pattern, receives its shape by the revolving of thecutters all as will be readily understood.

The operation of my invention can be fully comprehended in thedescription of construction and the accompanying ,drawings.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is-My within described method, or its mechanical equivalent for securingdouble or single cutting irons to cutter heads to hold them secure whenin use, essentially in the manner and for the purposes fully set forth.

HENRY D. STOVER.

